[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":46},["ShallowReactive",2],{"public-wiki-art-lugares-antigos-carthage":3,"public-wiki-backlinks-lugares-antigos-carthage":45},{"item":4,"isFallback":40},{"id":5,"slug":6,"title":7,"summary":8,"content":9,"status":10,"category":11,"authorId":17,"authorDisplayName":17,"coverAssetId":19,"tags":20,"infobox":28,"gameRef":17,"featured":40,"relations":41,"publishedAt":42,"createdAt":43,"updatedAt":44},222,"carthage","Carthage","Phoenician city founded by colonists from Tyre ~814 BC in North Africa. Mediterranean thalassocratic empire. Astarte transformed there into Tanit. Destroyed by Rome in 146 BC. Rebuilt as Roman capital, today a suburb of Tunis.",":::figure side=right size=medium\nsrc: https:\u002F\u002Fhomolog.core.mensageirosdovento.com:8443\u002Fstorage\u002Fassets\u002Ff7a64208-b1e9-4a78-b37f-a6ed939cb2c6.jpg\ncaption: Antonine Baths in Carthage — vestiges of the Roman period of the city founded by the Phoenicians\nsource: Wikimedia Commons\n:::\n\n## Location and name\n\n**Carthage** (Phoenician **𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕**, *Qart-ḥadašt*, \"new city\"; Latin **Carthāgō**; Greek **Karkhēdṓn**) was a Phoenician city-state and later a Roman colony in North Africa. The ancient site corresponds today to a coastal suburb of **Tunis**, capital of **Tunisia**.\n\nThe name \"new city\" contrasts with the originating Phoenician metropolis, **Tyre**, in the Levant — Carthage was the *new* Tyre of the western Mediterranean.\n\n## Period\n\n### Phoenician\u002FPunic phase (~814–146 BC)\n\n- **Founding** (~814 BC, traditionally) — Phoenician colonists from **Tyre** under the leadership of Queen **Elissa\u002FDido** (semi-mythical figure, immortalized in Virgil's *Aeneid* as Aeneas's lover).\n- **Expansion** — Carthage becomes a **thalassocratic power** dominating the western Mediterranean, with colonies in Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Hispania, and the Balearic Islands.\n- **Punic Wars against Rome** (264–146 BC) — three wars that decided control of the Mediterranean:\n  - **First** (264–241 BC) — Rome takes Sicily.\n  - **Second** (218–201 BC) — **Hannibal** crosses the Alps; celebrated victories at Trasimene and Cannae; lost at the Battle of Zama.\n  - **Third** (149–146 BC) — Rome destroys Carthage, **salts the soil** (according to tradition) and kills or enslaves its inhabitants. End of the Punic state.\n\n### Roman phase (~46 BC onward)\n\n- **Recolonization** by Julius Caesar and Augustus — Carthage is reborn as **capital of the Roman province of Africa Proconsularis**.\n- Apex in the 2nd–3rd centuries AD — one of the Empire's greatest cities. **Antonine Baths**, amphitheatre, theatre, circus, basilicas.\n- **Seat of important Christian centers** — Tertullian, Cyprian, Augustine studied there.\n- Conquered by the **Vandals** in 439 AD, the Byzantines in 533, the Arabs in 698. Definitive decline.\n\n## Tanit absorbs Astarte\n\nThe religious peculiarity of Carthage is the **emergence of Tanit** (Phoenician *Tnt*) as the principal goddess — a figure that **absorbs** and surpasses [[deuses-cananeus\u002Fastarte|Astarte]], inherited from the Tyrian metropolis.\n\nWhen the Phoenicians founded Carthage, they brought Astarte with them. But there she **merged with\u002Fwas replaced by** **Tanit**, a local North African deity (probably of partially assimilated Berber origin). Tanit absorbed Astarte's functions and became the **principal goddess of Carthage**, with the epithet \"*Tanit Pene Baal*\" (Tanit, **face of Baal**).\n\nThe central Carthaginian cultic pair is **Tanit + Baal Hammon**. Carthage's **Tophet** — a sacred precinct with thousands of votive stelae and urns — bears witness to this cult. The interpretation of tophets as sites of **child sacrifice** is a controversial topic in current archaeology: some interpret them as such (following Greco-Roman sources, hostile to Carthage); others as common infant necropolises. **The truth probably lies between the two**.\n\n## Game perspective\n\nIn **Mensageiros do Vento**, Carthage is, through the lens of the game, **the first great complete name-mutation within the chain**.\n\n[[lugares-antigos\u002Fpafos|Pafos]] showed Astarte becoming Aphrodite **without changing the temple or the place**. [[lugares-antigos\u002Feryx|Eryx]] showed syncretic layers stacked upon one another. **Carthage is different**: here the goddess **changes her name to something new** (Tanit) and acquires **her own personality** that exceeds the Phoenician heritage. The Astarte-Tanit continuity exists — the theological material is the same — but the **local face** is so strong that she becomes better known as a North African goddess than as a Phoenician derivation.\n\nThis pattern (ancient goddess who becomes a new goddess with a local name) is, under the game's reading, **one of the forms that Sophia takes when she escapes a demiurgic form and has not yet been captured by the next**. Tanit is Sophia between Tyrian theology and Roman theology, in a **Carthaginian interlude of approximately six centuries**.\n\nThe **destruction of Carthage by Rome** in 146 BC is, under this reading, a **major demiurgic event**: Rome eliminates not only a rival political power, but a **cultic form** that escaped imperial control. The *salting of the soil* (mythical but semiotically potent) is a gesture of **ritual erasure**.\n\nThat Carthage **is reborn as a Roman city** some decades later is typical of the demiurgic method: **destroy the previous form** and **reoccupy the place with its own form**. Under this new guise, Roman Carthage becomes one of the centers of early Christianity — another theology, another guise, but **the same geographical place**.\n\nThe mensageiros who access the akashic Carthage encounter **three painfully superimposed layers**: the goddess Tanit still alive beneath the salted soil; the triumphant Rome of the bath ruins; the proto-orthodox Christianity of the Latin fathers. A dense place.\n\n## See also\n\n- [[deuses-cananeus\u002Fastarte|Astarte]] (Phoenician origin of Tanit)\n- [[lugares-antigos\u002Fugarit|Ugarit]] (source of the Canaanite pantheon)\n- [[lugares-antigos\u002Fpafos|Pafos]] (another Astarte→Aphrodite goddess in Cyprus)\n- [[lugares-antigos\u002Feryx|Eryx]] (in cultural dialogue with Carthage via Sicily)\n- [[conceitos\u002Fsincretismo|Syncretism]]","PUBLISHED",{"id":12,"slug":13,"name":14,"description":15,"sortOrder":16,"iconAssetId":17,"coverAssetId":17,"createdAt":18,"updatedAt":18},8,"lugares-antigos","Lugares antigos","Cidades, templos e sítios da Antiguidade que aparecem na lore do jogo: Mesopotâmia (Ur, Uruk, Nippur, Eridu), Levante (Pafos, Ugarit), Mediterrâneo. Onde os mitos aconteceram.",55,null,"2026-05-20T18:51:37.876074Z",1069,[21,22,7,23,24,25,26,27],"Phoenician","Punic","Tanit","Astarte","Hannibal","Rome","north-africa",{"latim":29,"fundada":30,"fenício":31,"par-cultual":32,"destruição":33,"localização":34,"leitura-no-jogo":35,"figuras-notáveis":36,"monumento-religioso":37,"renascimento-romano":38,"deidade-tutelar-púnica":39},"Carthāgō","~814 a.C. por colonos fenícios de Tiro","Qart-ḥadašt (\"cidade nova\")","Tanit + Baal Hammon","146 a.C. — fim das Guerras Púnicas; \"sala o solo\" mito-histórico","Subúrbio costeiro de Tunis, Tunísia","Primeira mutação completa de nome na cadeia — Astarte vira Tanit com personalidade local","Aníbal (general); Tertuliano, Cipriano (Pais da Igreja latinos)","Tofet de Cartago (recinto com estelas votivas)","~46 a.C. — Júlio César e Augusto; capital da África Proconsular","Tanit (Tnt) — absorveu funções de [[deuses-cananeus\u002Fastarte|Astarte]]",false,[],"2026-05-25T01:16:33.153265Z","2026-05-25T00:45:50.673260Z","2026-05-25T01:16:33.153758Z",[],1779673908850]